Web Design Fundamentals: How Websites Work

Did you know that every website you visit is actually a collection of files stored on a computer somewhere in the world? Let's break down exactly how websites work in this beginner-friendly guide.

Module 1: Understanding the Web

1. What is a Web Page?

A web page is a single document displayed in your web browser.

  • Built with: HTML (structure) + CSS (styling)
  • Example URLs: yourblog.com/about, yourblog.com/contact
  • Static vs Dynamic: Some pages change content (e.g., news sites), others stay the same

Imagine a web page as a single sheet of paper - it contains specific content, just like a page in a book.

2. What is a Website?

A website is a collection of interconnected web pages under one domain.

  • Typical structure: Homepage, About, Contact, Blog sections
  • Built with: Multiple HTML files linked together
  • Example: yourblog.com (main site) with pages like /about and /posts

If a web page is a sheet of paper, a website is the entire notebook containing many pages.

Making Websites Accessible

3. Website Hosting Explained

Hosting is server space where your website files live online.

  • Why needed: Without hosting, only you can see files on your computer
  • Types:
    • Shared: $3-$10/month (beginner-friendly)
    • VPS: $20-$100/month (more control)
    • Dedicated: $100+/month (high-traffic sites)
  • Top Providers: Bluehost, SiteGround, Hostinger

Hosting is like renting land to build your house (website) on the internet.

4. What is a Domain Name?

Your domain is your website's address (e.g., google.com).

  • Parts: https:// (protocol) + www (subdomain) + yourblog (name) + .com (TLD)
  • Cost: $10-$15/year for common domains (.com, .net)
  • Where to buy: Namecheap, Google Domains, GoDaddy

A domain is like your home address - it tells people where to find you in the internet neighborhood.


5. Content Management Systems (CMS)

A CMS lets you create websites without coding everything from scratch.

  • Most popular: WordPress (powers 43% of all websites)
  • Other options: Blogger, Wix, Squarespace, Joomla
  • Benefits:
    • No need to write HTML/CSS manually
    • Easy content updates via dashboard
    • Thousands of themes and plugins

A CMS is like website training wheels - it handles the technical stuff so you can focus on content.


Summary table:

Component Purpose Example
Web Page Single document About page
Website Collection of pages yourblog.com
Hosting Stores website files Bluehost
Domain Website address yourblog.com
CMS Website builder WordPress

Ready for Action?

Got questions? Drop them in the comments below!

Knowledge Check: Web Design Fundamentals Quiz

1. What two technologies form the foundation of most web pages?

2. What's the difference between a web page and a website?

3. Which hosting type is most suitable for beginners?

4. What does a domain name represent?

5. What percentage of websites use WordPress?

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